CSS Alabama - Civil War - Confederate Raider

Nation: Confederate States of AmericaType: Screw SteamerShipyard: John Laird Sons, BirkenheadLaid Down: 1862Launched: July 29, 1862Commissioned: August 24, 1862Fate: Sunk, June 19, 1864 CSS Alabama - Specifications Displacement: 1,050 tonsLength: 220 ft.Beam: 31 ft., 8 ft.Draft: 17 ft., 8 in.Speed: 13 knotsComplement: 145 men CSS Alabama - Armament Guns 6 x 32 lb. guns, 1 x 100 lb. Blakeley Rifle, 1 x 8 in. gun CSS Alabama - Construction Operating in England, Confederate agent James Bulloch was tasked with establishing contacts and finding vessels for the fledgling Confederate Navy. Establishing a relationship with Fraser, Trenholm Company, a respected shipping company, to facilitate the sale of Southern cotton, he was later able to use the firm as a front for his naval activities. As the British government remained officially neutral in the American Civil War, Bulloch was unable to purchase ships outright for military use. Working through Fraser, Trenholm Company, he was able to contract for the construction of a screw sloop at the yard of John Laird Sons Company in Birkenhead. Laid down in 1862, the new hull was designated #290 and launched on July 29, 1862. Initially named Enrica, the new ship was powered by a direct-acting, horizontal condensing steam engine with twin horizontal cylinders which powered a retractable propeller. In addition, Enrica was rigged as a three-masted barque and was capable of employing a large spread of canvas. As Enrica completed fitting out, Bulloch hired a civilian crew to sail the new vessel to Terceira in the Azores. Reaching the island, the ship was soon met by its new commander, Captain Raphael Semmes, and the supply vessel Agrippina which was carrying guns for Enrica. After Semmes arrival, work began to convert Enrica into a commerce raider. Over the next few days, sailors endeavored to mount the heavy guns which included six 32-pdr smoothbores as well as a 100-pdr Blakely Rifle and an 8-in. smoothbore. The latter two guns were placed on pivot mounts along the ships centerline. With the conversion complete, the ships moved into international waters off Terceira where Semmes officially commissioned the s hip into the Confederate Navy as CSS Alabama on August 24. CSS Alabama - Early Successes Though Semmes had sufficient officers to oversee the running of Alabama, he had no sailors. Addressing the crews of the attending ships, he offered them signing money, lucrative bonuses, as well as prize money if they signed on for a cruise of unknown length. Semmes efforts proved successful, and he was able to convince eighty-three sailors to join his ship. Electing to remain in the eastern Atlantic, Semmes departed Terceira and began stalking Union whaling ships in the area. On September 5, Alabama scored its first victim when it captured the whaler Ocumlgee in the western Azores. Burning the whaler the following morning, Alabama continued its operations with great success. Over the next two weeks, the raider destroyed a total of ten Union merchant ships, mostly whalers, and inflicted around $230,000 in damage. Turning west, Semmes sailed for the East Coast. After encountering poor weather en route, Alabama made its next captures on October 3 when it took the merchant ships Emily Farnum and Brilliant. While the former was released, the latter was burned. Over the next month, Semmes successfully took eleven more Union merchant ships as Alabama moved south along the coast. Of these, all were burned but two which were bonded and sent to port loaded with crewmen and civilians from Alabamas conquests. Though Semmes desired to raid New York Harbor, a lack of coal forced him to abandon this plan. Turning south, Semmes steamed for Martinique with the goal of meeting Agrippina and resupplying. Reaching the island, he learned that Union ships were aware of his presence. Sending the supply ship to Venezuela, Alabama was later forced slip past USS San Jacinto (6 guns) to escape. Re-coaling, Semmes sailed for Texas with the hope of frustrating Union operations off Galveston, TX. CSS Alabama - Defeat of USS Hatteras After pausing at Yucatan to conduct maintenance on Alabama, Semmes reached the vicinity of Galveston on January 11, 1863. Spotting the Union blockading force, Alabama was seen and approached by USS Hatteras (5). Turning to flee like a blockade runner, Semmes lured Hatteras away from its consorts before turning to attack. Closing on the Union sidewheeler, Alabama opened fire with its starboard broadside and in a quick thirteen-minute battle forced Hatteras to surrender. With the Union ship sinking, Semmes took the crew aboard and departed the area. Landing and paroling the Union prisoners, he turned south and made for Brazil. Operating along the coast of South America through late July, Alabama enjoyed a successful spell that saw it capture twenty-nine Union merchant ships. CSS Alabama - Indian Pacific Oceans In need of refit and with Union warships searching for him, Semmes sailed for Cape Town, South Africa. Arriving, Alabama spent part of August undergoing a badly-needed overhaul. While there, he commissioned one of his prizes, the bark Conrad, as CSS Tuscaloosa (2). While operating off South Africa, Semmes learned of the arrival of the powerful USS Vanderbilt (15) at Cape Town. After making two captures on September 17, Alabama turned east into the Indian Ocean. Passing through the Sunda Strait, the Confederate raider eluded USS Wyoming (6) before making three quick captures in early November. Finding hunting sparse, Semmes moved along the north coast of Borneo before overhauling his ship at Candore. Seeing little reason to remain in the area, Alabama turned west and arrived at Singapore on December 22. CSS Alabama - Difficult Circumstances Receiving a cool reception from British authorities in Singapore, Semmes soon departed. Despite Semmes best efforts, Alabama was in increasingly poor condition and badly needed dockyard refit. In addition, crew morale was low due to poor hunting in eastern waters. Understanding that these issues could only be resolved in Europe, he moved through the Straits of Malacca with the intention of reaching Britain or France. While in the straits, Alabama made three captures. The first of these, Martaban (formerly Texas Star) possessed British papers but had changed from American ownership only two weeks earlier. When Martabans captain failed to produce a sworn certificate stating that the papers were authentic, Semmes burned the ship. This action incensed the British and would ultimately force Semmes to sail for France. Re-crossing the Indian Ocean, Alabama departed Cape Town on March 25, 1864. Finding little in the way of Union shipping, Alabama made its final two captures in late April in the form of Rockingham and Tycoon. Though additional ships were sighted, the raiders fouled bottom and aging machinery allowed the potential prey to out-run the once-swift Alabama. Reaching Cherbourg on June 11, Semmes entered the harbor. This proved a poor choice as the only dry docks in the city belonged to the French Navy whereas La Havre possessed privately-owned facilities. Requesting use of the dry docks, Semmes was informed that it required the permission of Emperor Napoleon III who was on vacation. The situation was made worse by the fact that the Union ambassador in Paris immediately alerted all Union naval vessels in Europe as to Alabamas location. CSS Alabama - The Final Fight Among those who received word was Captain John A. Winslow of USS (7). Having been banished to a European command by Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles for making critical comments after the 1862 Second Battle of Manassas, Winslow quickly got his ship underway from the Scheldt and steamed south. Reaching Cherbourg on June 14, he entered the harbor and circled the Confederate ship before departing. Careful to respect French territorial waters, Winslow began patrolling outside of the harbor to prevent the raiders escape as well as prepared Kearsarge for battle by tricing chain cable over the vital areas of the ships sides. Unable to secure permission to use the dry docks, Semmes faced a difficult choice. The longer he remained in port, the greater the Union opposition would likely become and the chances increased that the French would prevent his departure. As a result, after issuing a challenge to Winslow, Semmes emerged with his ship on June 19. Escorted by the French ironclad frigate Couronne and the British yacht Deerhound, Semmes approached the limit of French territorial waters. Battered from its long cruise and with its store of powder in poor condition, Alabama entered the battle at a disadvantage. As the two vessels neared, Semmes opened fire first, while Winslow held Kearsarges guns until the ships were only 1,000 yards apart. As the fight continued, both ships sailed on circular courses seeking to gain an advantage over the other. Though Alabama hit the Union vessel several times, the poor condition of its powder showed as several shells, including one that hit Kearsarges sternpost, failed to detonate. Kearsarge faired better as its rounds hit with telling effect. An hour after the battle began, Kearsarges guns had reduced the Confederacys greatest raider to a burning wreck. With his ship sinking, Semmes struck his colors and requested help. Sending boats, Kearsarge managed to rescue much of Alabamas crew, though Semmes was able to escape aboard Deerhound. CSS Alabama - Aftermath The Confederacys top performing commerce raider, Alabama claimed sixty-five prizes which were valued at a total of $6 million. Hugely successful in disrupting Union commerce and inflating insurance rates, Alabamas cruise led to the use of additional raiders such as CSS Shenandoah. As many Confederate raiders, such as Alabama, CSS Florida, and Shenandoah, had been built in Britain with the British governments knowledge that the ships were destined for the Confederacy, the US Government pursued monetary damages after the war. Known as the Alabama Claims, the issue caused a diplomatic crisis that was finally resolved by the formation of a twelve-man committee which ultimately awarded damages of $15.5 million in 1872. Selected Sources CSS Alabama AssociationURI: CSS Alabama

Military Leadership Development During The Military

Military Leadership Development The military has many various levels of leadership. There is a ranking system in the military is used to universally show the level in which an individual possesses in the military. Level Education can also play a role in leadership in the military. While enlisted ranks do not require a college education, that is the backbone of the leadership in the military. When you first join the military, your rank will vary between pay grades of E-1 to E-4. These are the introduction ranks of the military. Each branch has their own title for each rank, for example, an E-1 in the army would be referred to as a Private(PV1) while that same pay grade is referred to as Airman (Airman basic) in the air force. The Ranks E-5†¦show more content†¦However, what you can expect are long hours of classes and physical labor. These schools are made to break down the soldier and build them up so when the soldier is placed in his next duty station he is ready to begin to take more initiative and earn the respect of his/her subordinates. Once those schools are completed the soldiers will begin the careers as NCOs’ but would not be the end of the learning. To move up in the ranks even further, the soldier must continue to demonstrate great leadership and selflessness. There will be more school needed to be able to move up which will further their education in leadership. The diverse types of NCO ranks have different responsibilities. A squad leader or sometimes referred to section leader is normally running by E-5/E-6 ranks. As stated in the ArmyStudyguied.com ‘These NCOs live and work with their soldiers every day and are responsible for their health, welfare and safety. These squads, section and team leaders ensure that their soldiers meet standards in personal appearance and teach them to maintain and account for their individual and unit equipment and property. The NCO enforces standards and develops and trains soldiers daily in MOS skills and unit missions.’ (FM 7-22.7, 2015). The next level is the Platoon Sergeant. This individual is responsible for the care and training of all his soldiers under him. This position is more of an administrative position because they are responsible forShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Decline of British Military Innovation1282 Words   |  6 Pages World War I was perhaps the greatest catalyst f or military innovation in modern history. The speed in which the doctrinal, technical and tactical changes were developed and implemented was astounding. At the end of World War I, Britain was at the forefront of doctrinal and technological innovation in the field of armor and aircraft warfare. 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Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and adoption Free Essays

Though there have been considerable advances in the field of internet technology, not all problems are addressed to reach globalization’s progress and adoption. This is in contrast to the steady and rapid advances in semiconductor technology, information storage, networking, and applications, the interaction of IT with various elements of society is more complex. Although IT performance in many cases improves exponentially, the utility to users in many cases improves more slowly (Chandra et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and adoption? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2000). For example, a doubling of computer processing speeds may bring only small improvements in the most widely used applications, such as word processing or spreadsheets. Furthermore, although it is common to talk about the â€Å"impact† or â€Å"effect† of IT or the Internet—implying a one-way influence—the interaction of IT with society is multidirectional and multidimensional. Over the past two decades, many studies have explored how organizations use IT. Cumulatively, these studies have found that a simple model of IT leading to social and organizational effects does not hold (Kling 2000). Instead, IT is developed and used in a social context in which organizations and individuals shape the technology and the way it is used. The implementation of IT is an ongoing social process that involves changes in people’s roles and in organizational procedures. Incentives and trust are important factors in the success of IT implementation. And broadband proliferation is an important ingredient of globalization. The public debate in this country on the War in Iraq has been the most hotly contested issue in recent history and shows no sign of letting up. Through all the policy proposals, failures and triumphs many positive viewpoints have emerged about how to address the most distressing issues related to United State’s new found global role: exporter of security. Dr. Barnett believes this is positive trend overall: â€Å"That is why the public debate about this war has been so important: It forces Americans to come to terms with what I believe is the new security paradigm that shapes this age, namely, Disconnectedness defines danger. † I think that last statement is an apt template for understanding the daunting task facing the broadband era: the age of transactional transformation. It is in the disconnectedness that defines the danger for our productiveness and growth, and hence our economy as a whole. The disconnectedness from novel approaches, the disconnectedness from relevant value models, disconnectedness from persistent progression to universal broadband access. Perhaps there is a need to view broadband technology adoption as a historical process in the same vain as globalization. Unfortunately, for many, this leads to a nasty polemic on it’s relative merits. Barnett has this to say on this issue: The problem with most discussion of globalization is that too many experts treat it as a binary outcome: Either it is great and sweeping the planet, or it is horrid and failing humanity everywhere. Neither view really works, because globalization as a historical process is simply too big and too complex for such summary judgments. Instead, this new world must be defined by where globalization has truly taken root and where it has not. Barnett goes on to say: Show me where globalization is thick with network connectivity, financial transactions, liberal media flows, and collective security, and I will show you regions featuring stable governments, rising standards of living, and more deaths by suicide than murder. These parts of the world I call the Functioning Core, or Core. But show me where globalization is thinning or just plain absent, and I will show you regions plagued by politically repressive regimes, widespread poverty and disease, routine mass murder, and most important the chronic conflicts that incubate the next generation of global terrorists. These parts of the world I call the Non-Integrating Gap, or Gap. Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and adoption? It can be, I believe the more the connectedness to the Functioning Core the greater the value rendered. Broadband access providers whether wireline or wireless will have to holistically reconsider the ramifications of globalization in this context. They can do much to advance it positively or hinder it destructively. The lessons for content providers may seem less obvious but in a globalize economy the more connectedness the richer the value doesn’t always resolve neatly. Microsoft, Google, Cisco, Apple, Oracle, Yahoo, eBay and IBM to name a few, have all handle this transition quite nicely. And if supporting and expanding the core is what the new economy is all about then I can think of no better marker for globalization than broadband. This proposed study will try to find out if indeed broadband can be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and at the same time, will it balance with societal impacts? Will the globalization’s progress and adoption will take into consideration the affect on the people as whole? REFERENCES CHANDRA, B. , DAHLIN, M. , GAO, L. , AND NAYATE, A. 2001. End-to-end WAN Service Availability. In Proc. 3rd USITS (San Francisco, CA, 2001), pp. 97–108. Kling, R. (2000). Learning about information technologies and social change: The contribution of social informatics. The Information Society, 16(3), 217-232. Sawyer, S. and Rosenbaum, H. (2000). Social informatics in the information sciences: Current activities and emerging directions. [Electronic Version] Informing Science. 3 (2), 89-95 available Suchman, L. (1994). Supporting articulation work: Aspects of a feminist practice of office technology production. In R. Kling (Ed. ), Computerization and Controversy (pp. 407-423). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Williams, R. , Edge, D. (1996). The social shaping of technology. Research Policy, 2 How to cite Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and adoption?, Papers

The Effects Of Tv Violence Essay Research free essay sample

The Effects Of Television Violence Essay, Research Paper Introduction I believe that telecasting is traveling to be the trial of the modern universe, and in this new chance to see beyond the scope of our ain vision, we shall detect either a new and intolerable perturbation of the general peace or a salvaging glow in the sky. We shall stand or fall by telecasting, of that I am certain, wrote E.B. White in Harper s magazine in 1938. I believe that White was right. We will either take control of what is broadcast on telecasting, or we will go on to endure the harmful effects of force on Television. I have chosen to compose my paper on the impact that Television and movie force has on people in our society, particularly concentrating on kids. I chose this as my subject because it is something that you ever hear about every bit good as informant foremost manus. When you turn on the Television on Saturday forenoon to watch sketchs, statistics show that on norm you will see at least 20 to 25 Acts of the Apostless of force per hr ( Murray ) . During premier clip you will see about five violent Acts of the Apostless per hr ( Murray ) . I define force as any violent act. This can be every bit minor as one individual hitting another, or every bit serious as slaying. Peoples are invariably stating that there is excessively much force on Television and that it is negatively impacting our childs. This has been proven to be true that Television force does hold a negative impact, but the inquiry is precisely what are the effects. The media has gone so far as to fault offenses, like the shot at Columbine High School on telecasting force. I believe that there is rather a spot of force on Television, and that it does hold an consequence on society in peculiar on kids s behaviour, but I do non believe that Television is to fault for all force. Questions and Hypothesiss What are the effects of telecasting and movie force on kids? + Children are less likely to collaborate and portion and are more aggressive + Children go desensitized to force and are hence more likely to perpetrate violent Acts of the Apostless when they become older + Children Don T understand the effects of force and learn to accept force as a manner to work out jobs + Children Begin to believe that the universe is a unsafe and chilling topographic point Bibliography To research these inquiries, I read or viewed all or portion of the undermentioned plants: + Anonymous. Realistic Expectations. Family Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //family2.go.com/features/family_0000_01/dony/FGP_tvgame.html. + Coats, E.J. A ; Feldman, R.S. Impact of Television on Nonverbal Behavior. Erik J. Coats Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //vassun.vassar.edu/ ercoats/ . + Dill, Karen E. PhD. Violent Video Games can Increase Aggression. American Psychological Association Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.apa.org/releases/videogames.html. + Does TV Kill? PBS Television, 10 Jan 1995. + Ledingham, Jane, Dr. The Effects of Media Violence on Children. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.media-awareness.ca/eng/med/home/resource/famvlnc.htm. + Murray, John P. PhD. Children and Television Violence. Kansas State University Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksu.edu/humec/kulaw.htm. + Murray, John P. PhD. Impact of Televised Violence. Kansa State University Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksu.edu/humec/impact.htm. + Phillips, David P. Dr. Television Violence and the Negative Impact on Children. Superheroes and Violence Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.edu craft/f99_web/martin/Lisa % 20Audience.htm. + Roberts, Bill. Mirror or Map? The Impact of Television on Peace and Development. The Television Ontario Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tvo.org/naba/news/mirror23_08_99.html. + To What Effect? PBS Television, 8 Feb 1996. Review of Research Hypothesis: Children are less likely to collaborate and portion and are more aggressive When looking at this hypothesis, I read an article on the Internet called Children and Television Violence by John P. Murray, a professor and the Director of the School of Family Studies and Human Services at Kansas State University. In this article it talked about a survey that was conducted with kids enrolled in a particular nursery school at Pennsylvania State University. The kids were broken up into three groups, and each group was assigned a specific type of telecasting plan to watch. One group was assigned to watch Batman and Superman sketchs, another was assigned to watch Mister Rogers Neighborhood, and the 3rd group was assigned to watch shows that were neither violent nor prosocial. Each group watched 12 half hr shows of the show that they had been assigned. The research workers observed that the kids that had viewed the batman sketchs were much more active, and were more disposed to acquire into battles with each other. They besides did non collaborate and portion with the other kids every bit good as the kids that had watched Mister Rogers. The kids that watched Mister Rogers Neighborhood non merely cooperated more, but they were more cognizant of others demands and even offered to assist the instructor on juncture. The kids that viewed the neither violent nor prosocial shows were non more aggressive or helpful. I thought this survey was interesting because it truly showed how merely one telecasting show could do such a difference in a kid s behaviour and whether or non they cooperated and shared with others. In add-on to reading Children and Television Violence I besides read Impact of Televised Violence by the same writer. In this article they talked about an experiment conducted where they interviewed male childs and misss ages 9 to 13. They gave them a scenario where they were siting their motorcycle, and another individual came up and pushed them off their motorcycle. They asked them how they would respond giving them options from seeking to cut down struggle to shouting or hitting the other kid. Researchers found that 45 per centum of the heavy force telecasting viewing audiences chose aggressive responses. While merely 21 per centum of light force viewing audiences chose the same response. The experiment once more suggests that sing telecasting force can take to less concerted and aggressive behaviour. Hypothesis: Children go desensitized to force and are hence more likely to perpetrate violent Acts of the Apostless when they become older When looking into this hypothesis I came across the transcripts from a PBS interview, which aired on February 8, 1996 with Dale Kunkel of the University of California Santa Barbara and Winston Cox of the National Cable Television Association. The simple fact that force is frequently portrayed with out effects worries them. When force is shown, it seldom describes or includes any word pictures of long-run negative effects, stated Dale Kunkel. Another concern is that oftentimes the victims of the force do non picture hurting or injury and do non show that force injuries. In 47 per centum of all violent Acts of the Apostless shown the victims do non go harmed in any manner, and in 73 per centum of violent scenes the culprits suffer no effects ( Kunkel ) . When all of these things are blended together it gives kids a wholly false construct of force and what it is. It becomes a portion of their mundane modus operandi and they don t even realize what they are sing. Ultimately kids are going desensitized to force. Another survey that I read about in John Murray s Children and Television Violence showed that early violent Television sing wonts had a permanent behavioural consequence. In the survey, where kids were followed from age eight into maturity showed that violent telecasting non merely desensitizes people to violence, but it besides has permanent effects on violent activity into maturity. In 1963 Leonard Eron began a survey on the aggression of eight twelvemonth olds and their Television sing wonts. He established which kids were more aggressive and which were more inactive, and so checked up on them ten old ages subsequently when they were 18. He found that there was still a relationship between early Television sing wonts and aggression. Most interestingly though was when Eron followed up on them as grownups at the age of 30. He found that there was a relationship between early screening and apprehension and strong belief for offenses such as partner maltreatment, kid maltreatment, sl aying and aggravated assault. Both of these beginnings of information suggest that telecasting force contributes to desensitisation to force and long-run effects that make them more prone to perpetrate offenses when they become older. Hypothesis: Children don t understand the effects of force and learn to accept force as a manner to work out jobs This hypothesis overlaps in some ways with some of my old hypotheses. In the survey that I spoke of earlier from Impact of Televised Violence where male childs and misss were interviewed about what they would make if they were pushed off their motorcycle relates to this hypothesis. Most of the kids that watched violent telecasting answered that they would react with force. This shows that kids who watch violent Television accept force as a manner to cover with their struggles and jobs. Another papers that I found on the Internet titled The Effects of Media Violence on Children by Dr. Jane Ledingham stated that kids between the ages of six and 10s are non able to separate between what is existent and what is bogus. Children in this age group believe that most of what they see on Television is true to life. This poses a job because they see people on Television that can utilize force and endure no effects ; therefore they think that it is acceptable for them to utilize force excessively. Overall kids normally don t understand that there are effects and people get hurt when force is used because oftentimes the effects are merely non shown on Television. Hypothesis: Children get down to believe that the universe is a unsafe and chilling topographic point In about all of the paperss that I read, it was mentioned that a batch of kids become afraid of the universe because of all the upseting things that they see on Television. As I said before kids under the age of 10 don T understand what is true to life and they don Ts have any experience to measure what they are sing. In the article kids and Television Violence by John Murray, he talked about a survey that was conducted by George Gerber. In the survey research workers asked kids inquiries about their perceptual experience of hazard in the universe. Examples of the inquiries asked were: How probably is it that you are traveling to be the victim of a violent offense in the following six months? How far from your place would you be willing to walk entirely at dark? Researchers found that they were able to foretell the fright of the kid based on the sum of violent Television they watched. Children that viewed four hours or more each twenty-four hours were much more afraid of the universe around them than kids that viewed an hr or less. Theory After carry oning my research, I have formed the following theory: Violence on telecasting does hold an consequence on kids s alterations in attitudes and behaviour. In peculiar there are three chief effects. The first is increased fright and the belief that the universe is every bit unsafe as it appears on Television. The 2nd chief consequence is desensitisation and the credence of force as normal. The last chief consequence is aggressive behaviour and willingness to utilize force. Although through my research the effects are obvious, it is non just to wholly fault riotous kids on telecasting. Many other things could lend to these three chief effects. Oftentimes hapless rearing accomplishments along with other things are at mistake for excessively aggressive behaviour. Even though Television is non wholly to fault, there is no denying that telecasting has a immense impact on kids and our society as a whole. Deductions Assuming that my theory is true, it is now necessary to work on conveying about alteration. Some countries that we can alter are at place, at school, and in the telecasting industry. At place it is necessary for parents to understand the effects that telecasting is holding on their kids. If parents were to see with their childs and speak to them about what the see and seek to explicate to them about what is true to life and what International Relations and Security Network T telecasting could be a constructive acquisition tool. The job is that most parents will hook their childs up to the Television so that they can acquire things done around the house. At school it would be effectual if kids were taught how Television plants and the procedure of effects. At the industry level The Children s Television Act in 1990 set limitations on the sum of advertisement in programming for kids ( Murray ) . In add-on when a station applies for licence reclamation they need to explicate how they ha ve helped to advance kids s instruction in their scheduling. Slowly alterations have taken consequence and will go on to into the hereafter. Most significantly, parents need to take an active function in their kids s lives and many struggles could be avoided. Surprises I was shocked by some of the findings of the surveies conducted about how telecasting affected people, non merely kids. In an probe about grownups and the effects of the portraiture of self-destructions in soap operas showed that over a six-year period whenever a major soap opera character committed self-destruction at that place was a important addition in the figure of female self-destructions within three yearss after across the state ( Murray ) . This surprised me because grownups are supposed to be stable and non that waxy. I merely can non grok why something like that would force one over the border. I was besides surprised by other statistics like the sum of violent Acts of the Apostless per hr. It amazes me that there are 20 to 25 violent Acts of the Apostless per hr during Saturday forenoon sketchs ( Murray ) . Overall I was shocked to see precisely how much something so unimportant like telecasting is able to take over people s lives and have such a immense consequence on t hem. Plants Cited + Ledingham, Jane, Dr. The Effects of Media Violence on Children. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.media-awareness.ca/eng/med/home/resource/famvlnc.htm. + Murray, John P. PhD. Children and Television Violence. Kansas State University Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksu.edu/humec/kulaw.htm. + Murray, John P. PhD. Impact of Televised Violence. Kansa State University Web Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksu.edu/humec/impact.htm. + To What Effect? PBS Television, 8 Feb 1996. 33c

Corporate Downsizing Essays (2616 words) - Unemployment,

Corporate Downsizing Corporate Downsizing Organizations in every segment of business, industry, government, and education are downsizing. Downsizing is and has been a controversial phenomenon in the last few years. The controversy that surrounds downsizing may be better described as a debate in organizational theory about whether change is adaptive or disruptive. The issues which establish the outcome of the controversy include why the downsizing is taking affect, how it is implemented, and what steps are taken to enhance its effects on organizational performance. The reasons for corporate downsizing are presented in many forms. Some companies downsize due to technological changes such as automation, which brings about the need for a reduction in the production workforce. Others may feel that competitiveness with other companies warrants the need for a reduction in the workforce. Financial setbacks due to customer demand, market shares, and loss of revenue could also initiate the need for downsizing. Whe n will it end? Experts say it won't. For instance, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was established as a universal trade agreement between the US, Cannada, and Mexico to allow free imports and exports. It was also established with the intent to help poor countries, like Mexico, export their products for economic reasons. In my opinion, it has strongly contributed to America's massive downsizing phenomenon. Companies that have experienced financial setbacks and losses seem to relish the idea that they can downsize the workforce here in the states, move operations into places like Mexico, hire cheap labor, and export their product back to the states, while making bigger profits. The sad part about this is that it is true, and NAFTA is largely responsible for this type of downsizing. Is this ethical? That remains to be seen. The truth is that unless an organization was designed expressly for the purpose, it is not in business to provide employment. Jobs are the by-produc t of successful organizational endeavors, not their intended output. If the decision to downsize is a response to competitive pressures, it will appear impatient or premature to those who must leave. If it is perceived as anything less than a well developed strategic response to demands on the organization, then it fails to show employees need for the criteria. Downsizing can sometimes seem to be about creating victims and displacing blame rather than accepting responsibility and choosing moral and ethical ways to implement the outcome. Management wants a quick cut that protects he company's assets, yet it wants to be gentle and compassionate to those who are let go. These two objectives are self-canceling, and to accomplish the first requires considerable compromise on the second. Many companies wait until the day of the lay-off to inform its employees. They are concerned about sabotage and productivity. They seem to think that if they retain the bad news until the last moment that the employees will leave and the rest will get back to business. However, this method of a lay-off is the least favorable for the employees. If the company gives the employees notice of the cutback in the workforce, they will have time to plan for the financial problems, look for other work, and make other necessary arrangements to prepare them for the loss. It would be in the best interest of the company to give this notice to its workers. Being a survivor of downsizing can have its own ethical issues. Those who are left after the downsizing has occurred, may share perceptions about the ethics of the decisions leading up to the dismissal of those who left. They may experience feelings such as anger, guilt, fear, and even depression. These feelings could be brought on by having to take up the slack and doing more work. They could also be asked to learn new tasks and for the same or maybe even less money than before the downsizing. Asking people to do more for less money can seem un fair. In my opinion, companies and organizations sometimes put too much pressure on surviving employees. This can cause the decision-makers to seem insensitive to the reality that employees are people with full lives and responsibility outside the workplace. Call it outsourcing with a heart. DuPont on December 11,

Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries

There are 750 million+ Hindus in the world, most concentrated in India (pearls.org). Before elaborating on what beliefs and practices Hinduism has, perhaps it is helpful to first consider the â€Å"familiar to a Westerner† features that it doesn’t have. There is no â€Å"founder† of Hinduism and no specific time it â€Å"began† (i.e. Jesus or Buddha’s birth). There is not a set of scriptures that has authority over all other texts of its religion (i.e. Bible, Koran, Torah). The lack of a central, relatively unchanged uniquely authoritative text has let Hinduism become a true â€Å"living† religion. Into one that is continually developing through the addition of contemporary wisdom. There is not a central figure or institution interpreting a doctrine based on holy text (i.e. Catholic church and the Pope). Additionally, no individual is or has been central to their belief or practices (i.e. Jesus or Mohammed) (pearls.org). The concept of livin g a â€Å"good life† is not based on instructions from God (i.e. Bible and Koran) (pearls.org). There is not a â€Å"correct† form of belief or worship (pearls.org). And lastly, Hinduism does not insist it is the only â€Å"truth†. As such, most Hindus are not out trying to â€Å"round up† others to their path at the bottom of the mountain - they are busy climbing (Smith, p. 73). What Hinduism does have is an amazing array of beliefs and practices creating a unique tradition spanning over a long and rich history chocked full of mythology. The Hindu tradition has been evolving over 3,000 years and accepts â€Å"†¦significant contributions entering the tradition continually.† (Earhart, p. 723). Hinduism â€Å"remembers the cumulative experience of ages† rather than specific events or people throughout the centuries (Earhart, p. 727). That is not to say no events and people (Gods, Goddesses, rishis (the ancient sages), and ghosts) are important in Hinduism. The texts in Hinduism are regarded as â€Å"i... Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries Free Essays on Hinduism & Budhism Summaries There are 750 million+ Hindus in the world, most concentrated in India (pearls.org). Before elaborating on what beliefs and practices Hinduism has, perhaps it is helpful to first consider the â€Å"familiar to a Westerner† features that it doesn’t have. There is no â€Å"founder† of Hinduism and no specific time it â€Å"began† (i.e. Jesus or Buddha’s birth). There is not a set of scriptures that has authority over all other texts of its religion (i.e. Bible, Koran, Torah). The lack of a central, relatively unchanged uniquely authoritative text has let Hinduism become a true â€Å"living† religion. Into one that is continually developing through the addition of contemporary wisdom. There is not a central figure or institution interpreting a doctrine based on holy text (i.e. Catholic church and the Pope). Additionally, no individual is or has been central to their belief or practices (i.e. Jesus or Mohammed) (pearls.org). The concept of livin g a â€Å"good life† is not based on instructions from God (i.e. Bible and Koran) (pearls.org). There is not a â€Å"correct† form of belief or worship (pearls.org). And lastly, Hinduism does not insist it is the only â€Å"truth†. As such, most Hindus are not out trying to â€Å"round up† others to their path at the bottom of the mountain - they are busy climbing (Smith, p. 73). What Hinduism does have is an amazing array of beliefs and practices creating a unique tradition spanning over a long and rich history chocked full of mythology. The Hindu tradition has been evolving over 3,000 years and accepts â€Å"†¦significant contributions entering the tradition continually.† (Earhart, p. 723). Hinduism â€Å"remembers the cumulative experience of ages† rather than specific events or people throughout the centuries (Earhart, p. 727). That is not to say no events and people (Gods, Goddesses, rishis (the ancient sages), and ghosts) are important in Hinduism. The texts in Hinduism are regarded as â€Å"i...

Argumentative Research Paper on Censorship Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Argumentative on Censorship - Research Paper Example nts for and those against censorship citing various examples of countries where censorship has been applied and the resulting consequences of those censures. Censorship will be defined and its various forms identified and defined. Positive attributes will be examined on the backdrop of human welfare and society as well as the negative attributes. Upon evaluation, a conclusion will be reached as to the significance and overall effect of censorship. Censorship is the omission or suppression of material/ information deemed harmful, objectionable and inappropriate from the general public. The restricting party can be a government, a government institution or media outlet. These organizations judge whether material released or to be released is offensive directly or indirectly to any section of the public such as children, women, a specific ethnic community and workers. However, reasons for censorship can vary dependent on the censoring body and the target population. Censorship can be of several forms. They include moral censorship, military censorship, political censorship and political censorship. OReilly and Parker (2003) note that, â€Å"In moral censorship, material of obscene nature and questionable morally is removed, while in military censorship tactical and military intelligence and secrets are kept from the public to prevent the information from being available to the enemy and used against or to the detriment of the n ation† (p.2). Political censorship involves the withholding of information by governments and political leaders from their subjects/ citizens as a means primarily of exerting control and dominion over the population. In religious censorship, material deemed objectionable by a sect or its leaders is removed. Information may be from another sect or religion. Corporate censorship conducted and executed mostly by media executives who remove or prevent the publishing/ distribution of information that portrays their businesses or business partners in

Relaxation and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relaxation and Learning - Essay Example It is in these instances when learning a lesson or analyzing data from work necessitates the conditioning of a calm, open mind. There is thus nothing like getting one’s self into a relaxed, tranquil disposition in order to make the most out of a learning or thinking activity. Coming from a particularly taxing workday and before tackling the books for the next day’s lesson, I look forward to a warm soak in the tub. The lukewarm water and moisturizing suds not only wash off the day’s dirt and grime, but also its worries and consternations. A good 15 minute soak, coupled with measured deep breathing, feels like what a baby probably feels while it is in its mother’s womb; warm, secure, floating in perfect quietude. And maybe, some soft music and the scent of aromatic candles are welcome additions to soothe the other senses. At least three days in the week, I don running shoes and take a morning jog around the neighbourhood or in the park. There is nothing like the rhythmic pounding of concrete and a cool evening (or morning) breeze on your face as you savor the sights, sounds and smells of the neighbourhood/park. Running, for some reason or another, helps you sort your thoughts and think through problems, so that after a good run the world seems right again. At times when soaking in the tub or jogging in the park are not just practicable, I find that creating a mental picture or remembering an inspirational line helps put things in perspective and prepares me for heightened concentration. My favourite mental picture is that of gently rolling waves lapping the shore of a beach deserted but for a few people: white sand, blue sea, reclining chair, tall glass of iced tea in hand. This technique is useful for minute-long â€Å"mental vacations† to quickly get one into the proper mental frame for learning. Even during the process of learning, there is sometimes need to resort to quick calming techniques especially

Managing Organizational Deviance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Organizational Deviance - Assignment Example Ethics in an enterprise include salespeople being honest, just and fair to all. Some individuals may perceive sales ethics as being an oxymoron or rather a contradiction depending on a number of factors including the culture of the people, the product itself, way the product or service is produced and delivered to customers as well as the behavior of the salespersons. The factors listed above are varied across cultures, nations and every action have both benefits and costs, which may render sales ethics an oxymoron. However, sales ethics is not an oxymoron. In most cases, it is the behavior of a salesperson, who connects the company and the customer (consumer) that largely contributes to the debate whether sales ethics is an oxymoron. If a salesperson creates and sustains a relationship that is based on honesty, commitment and trust, then the customer will be a lifelong and sales become ethical. The reason why sales ethics is oxymoron First, nothing is perfect. At times, matters beyo nd the control of the sales persons hamper him or her from delivering their value proposition. For example, if a salesperson promises a customer that the product will be delivered in an hour’s time and it delays, the salesperson will appear a cheat. But the delay may be occasion by traffic jam or breakdown among other genuine reasons. Secondly, the goals of the salesperson may make sales ethics a contradiction. This is true when a salesperson is driven by temptation and greed in the sense that he or she wants to make more commissions at the expense of the value delivered to the customer. For example, if a salesperson is fast-talking and extremely convincing, he or she often sells products to customers that have no value. According to Blocher (2008, 34), most adverts and salespersons do not reveal the complete story of products or services, which the buyer may not like. As a result, the customer purchases products or services that they do not need in the first place and they w ill feel cheated. Thirdly, salespersons may report inaccurate sales. In an enterprise, there are various forms of rewards systems which include salary, promotions, and bonuses. Among the salespeople, these systems are put in place based on their performance. However, it can result in employees being involved in unethical behavior. In order to attain sales targets employees may opt to use unethical practices such as using pressure and recording false sales. Lack of transparency may be costly to a company in the long run. It may spoil the sales, personal credibility and interfere with sales (Thorne 2008, 224). Such unethical behaviors may become persistent leading to other unethical acts, which may drive the company’s sales down significantly (Kidwell and Martin 2005, 44). Fourth, competition drives companies and their salespersons to act against good morals. Duska (2007, 90) attest that the perception that every business is in a competition, and focuses mainly on how to improv e profits may conflict with the existing ethics.  

Negative effects of illegal immigration

Negative effects of illegal immigration Identify the negative effects of illegal immigration. Offer a solution of how illegal immigration could be reduced. Illegal immigration is the movement of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. It involves crossing international political borders through water, land and air inappropriately. Also here we can include the entrance to another country in the right way but refusing to leave after the expiry of the visa. The effects of immigration are felt strongly in states where large numbers of immigrants have settled in relation to others. Illegal immigration affects the Nation and the lives of the natives in different ways and such negative effects are: Crimes that is committed from illegal immigrants when they related in criminal activities which lead to increase crime rates. Such criminal activities are the dealing with drugs and the stealing of identification documents from the citizens to enable them get work. Another effect is that they utilize social services such as schools and health insurance and the result is that the government has to bear the costs from the utility of those services. Trafficking and exploitation affect also the nation because immigrants smuggle people into it. Many people every year are smuggled into the countries and most of them have no legal documents or have their papers and identification documents taken by those who smuggle them in, especially women and children. Exploiters can force women to do illegal jobs under payment and under their working conditions. The young children are traded in the market for adoption with mafias coordinating the activities and the majority of them are trafficked to be sold off to those people who are not interested in going through the process of legal adoption. Another problem is the diseases because most illegal immigrants do not undertake the necessary medical testing and that results to carrying illnesses into their host countries. The competition between the illegal immigrants and the citizens of the country on the job opportunities that were available and that happens because the illegal immigrants accept less than the required minimum payment and do the job without asking other benefits such as insurance. Another thing that we have to notice here is that illegal immigrants accept to do a job that other citizens are not willing to do, thats why the economy depends on them. All these results negative to the citizens because the employers prefer to hire someone with low payment and without insurance covering. Illegal immigrants cause many damages to the people personal properties and to the public areas. Such damages are: the stealing of properties, break into peoples houses, vandalize public areas etc. and that damages must covered from the citizens or from the government. Some areas become very dangerous because of the big percentage of illegal immigrants and these areas are insecure for people to go there for work or for a walk such as Omonoia square in Athens. It is very difficult to find a solution for the illegal immigration but there are some methods of reducing it. One method is to building security barriers on the borders to prevent immigrants from entering the country illegally. The borders, sea and land should be checked more strictly. The police can play an important role by arresting those immigrants when they are found to be in the country illegally without the proper documents and send them back to their countries. Also police should arrest those people who help them to pass illegally in the country. The national authorities must be always informed in cases that illegal immigrants committed a crime, when they destroy properties or when they use violence over people. Employers should not hire any immigrant without verifying that his documents are legal but this is difficult and the reason is that employers prefer to hire those people because they pay less money. There is still an argument as to whether illegal immigration has negative or positive effects to a country. Some people argue that illegal immigration is good for any country because of the low payments and others claim that illegal immigrants take their jobs and damage the country in different ways and one example is the overpopulation. It would be better to restrict the illegal immigrants from the country because from the time that they cross the borders illegally many problems occurring to the country.

Web Credibility :: Teaching Technology Internet Papers

Web Credibility Visualize the following scenario for a moment: You have entered what appears to be a library. The tens of thousand of rows and stacks of books seem endless. They are the focal point, an overwhelming, cartoonish image. The shelves seem ever-expanding by turns, and sag under the weight of the multi-colored volumes represented by all colors, forms and textures imaginable. There are some signs on the shelves that call out topics: Medicine, Science, Literature. Something is missing though, and the sheer number of books—the lure to peruse, to begin pulling and skimming is making it hard to concentrate on what it is; but it becomes apparent soon enough. There are no librarians and no help desks. No databases, library catalogs, no guidance at all. There is nothing to do but read, and once you open the books many seem to be missing the first several pages. At first reading, it may seem untoward to compare this surrealist library to the Internet, but consider the Internet by characteristics; by what it is, and what it isn’t, as a tool for research gathering, and it's not so far a reach. Choosing to begin a paper with an image rather than statistics, is a scheme to avoid the known, and to begin to promote consideration of what educators may or may not recognize about Web page credibility or the identification of credible Internet sources, why they should take the initiative, and what information they should utilize when educating their students, just as they would if undertaking a fundamental composition assignment. The Why of Teaching the Internet Now we have the Information Age, whose poster child is the internet. It seems to be all things to all people and thus can't be quantified or subjected to easy ethical questions. It is new territory, and the uncertainty of Internet ethics is far reaching. The Internet is for the most part unmanaged, unedited, unsupervised; anyone can post information on the Internet for all to see. Opinions can parade as hard facts; people with far-flung ideas can easily find an audience; photos, jokes and drawings of any ilk can be published†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Emmans ) This quote, from 2000, along with strong notions of overall growth, of sources and users, represents, for most educators, the known of the Internet. It highlights the ever-expanding shelves in the library above; the lack of available expertise when choosing sources, the absence of publishers, reviews (in the missing front pages of the books) and clear paths through the maze of open choice.

Comparing The Kite Runner and Angelas Ashes Essay

Depression cause a down fall on a person’s emotion. This is easy to understand in the novels Angela’s Ashes and The Kite Runner. In these two stories a person will encounter with the feelings of abandonment and death. In the kite runner Amir was depressed that he and baba had to leave Kabul. He was wondering if he was going to forget his homeland along the line. He mentioned, â€Å"I only knew the memory lived in me a perfectly encapsulated morsel of a good past a brush stroke of color on the gray, barren canvas that our life had become † The Russians invaded Afghanistan so baba and Amir had to leave to find safety. It was very hard for them to leave their homeland and go to Africa. They had to leave all their belongings and life behind n start fresh in a different country. In Angela’s Ashes Angela’s family McCourt’s they saw they were living in poor conditions .Angela’s mother sent money so they al could board a ship to Ireland and start new and leave America behind. They left Brooklyn behind for nothing because when they got to Ireland the living conditions stayed the same. Malachy spends all of his money at the bars and he always shows u to work drunk. Now there are no more jobs in Ireland so he has to abandon his family and go to England to get a job there. Amir from The Kite Runner went back to Afghanistan to visit Rahim Khan because he was very sick. While he was telling him about his family he asked about Hassan so Rahim had to tell him the he got murdered by Taliban. Amir had lots of things going threw his head. He regrets not being in touch with him band for not sticking up h imp years ago. Baba became sick with cancer and he dint want any treatment, he wisent scared to die he knew he lived his life with many accomplishments. Amir father also died now he had no one to get help from when he need guidance. There were many deaths in Angela’s Ashes. When Margret was born Malachy was able to bring food home. It was his only daughter and he was very happy, but when she died everything turned to the worst. Later Oliver one of the twins died. They dialed with many deaths in their family but every time it was harder, Oliver’s death caused depression in the family. The Kite Runner and Angela’s ashes have related themes, the theme of depression stands out, threw the loss of their loved ones, and abandoning their home land these two novels show different events that took in different parts of the world that made people depressed.

Research and testing on animals essays

Research and testing on animals essays Humans are the only hunters who kill when they are not hungry. This is a quote by Steven Spielberg. He was referring to the millions of animals that have been killed every year in the name of testing and research. The use of animal research has been an ongoing debate for many years. Is it right to use animals for research? To me, this is a very tough subject. My initial thought is absolutely not, but then there is that one part of me that says that some animal research that has been conducted has been used to create vaccines and medications that have been useful to me. I dont know though that it is right to harm and even kill other living creatures for our gains. I was reading an article off the internet that had an unknown author. He asked a few simple questions, then made what I thought to be a very good point. He asked, How many of you people have animals at home? A very simple question. Then he asked, What do you do when the animal gets sick? Thats an easy question too. You take it to the vet. Now he asked, How difficult is it to get your sick animal to swallow a pill that is going to help them? Having two dogs and a cat, I know it can sometimes be impossible. His last question was, knowing how hard it is to get an animal to take medication that would help it, why would you try to force something on the animal that would very well harm or even kill it? To me, this just doesnt sound like the right thing to do. As I was reading over the Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Animals, I found many things that were a little disturbing to me. Many of the guidelines refer to having the animals euthanized . The quote by Steven Spielberg is true. These animals are dying for as far as I am concerned, no reason. Another point that was made in the Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Animals is in section five of the guide ...

Invasion of the Zebra Mussels essays

Invasion of the Zebra Mussels essays There has been an incursion into the sovereign territory of the United States of America. The Zebra mussel, an animal much akin to the clam, has colonized nearly every hard surface in the Great Lakes area, and many rivers and streams attached to them. These invaders arrived on ships from England, pumped out through the ballast. Zebra mussels are from a different environment (England), thus they are classified as an exotic species. These pesky animals threaten the entire Great Lakes ecosystem. The invasion has created many problems for the local ecosystem. First of all, Zebra mussels take the food for which native species already compete. Each mussel consumes about a liter of different types of plankton. Small fish lose their food, and their numbers dwindle. Big fish no longer have small fish to eat, and the entire food chain is disrupted. Now that the natives dont have enough food to go around, mortality rates are going up and they are starting to die out. Another problem theyve created is clogging on industrial units. They reproduce en mass and attach themselves to anything they find, including docks, boat ramps, and waste pipes. All the industries in the area now have to worry about scraping these mini-invaders off. Yet another problem theyve created is contaminated drinking water. The intake pipes in Lake Michigan and elsewhere are covered with mussels. Without being removed, they contaminate water and move on to clog up city pipes. Still another problem is their colo nization of rock reefs. With the mussels being several inches deep in places, their waste is poisoning the area and fish that would normally lay their eggs there must look elsewhere for nesting areas. Now natality is down and mortality is up. A final problem they cause is damage to property. By latching onto boats and other floating objects, they can and will damage them. They cause innumerable problems, so now the ...

Case study of Mcdonalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case study of Mcdonalds - Essay Example The rapid decline of revenues and deteriorating market position of 1990s could be contributed to number of factors like highly competitive global business environment, tough market conditions, tough labour conditions, lowering of costs of products, lack of new products etc. But under the stewardship of James Cantalupo, who took charge in 2003, the firm started making a definite turnaround. Efficient exploitation of the internal resources of the firm was the major contributory element which helped it to regain its market. McDonald’s corporate strategy mainly relies on creating value through customer satisfaction. It has been able to gain effective leverage against its rivals by exploiting its internal resources which are: brand equity, quality products and exemplary service. It has evolved into the best fast food centre through customer satisfaction and meeting their changing preferences. The use of technology and uniformity in its products has been the hallmark of its fast food across the world. The unmatched efficiency in the delivery of its services and the uniform quality of its food has become the unique feature of all its outlets. They provide quality food at low prices and give ‘value’ to the customers. Indeed, McDonald is the first food chain that has truly become global in its operation and values. The managerial leadership realized the importance of identifying the changing eating habits and accordingly introduced changes within its products. The burgers have been its main products that it has maintained by customising it as per the preference of the customers. It has also introduced wide variety of salads and healthy food in its menu while at the same time, localizing the products by adding local flavour. They differentiated the products by customising it according to the demands of the customers. The use of technology and uniformity in its

Psychological Perspectives on Organisation Essay

Psychological Perspectives on Organisation - Essay Example Hence, the knowledge of core psycho analytical concepts becomes important tools to the leadership for understanding the organizational behavior. The understanding of psychoanalytical concepts provides invaluable information regarding the socio-psychological factors that adversely affect the performance outcome of the workforce. Unconscious and repression, transference, envy and rivalry are few major concepts that considerably influence the human nature and consequently the behavior of the organization. Freud, the eminent socio-psychologist has contributed extensively towards understanding of these core psychoanalytical ingredients so that the one is better able to analyze human behavior within the prescribed social norms. Social scientists have corroborated that the psycho-analytical perspectives are important tools for understanding the hidden dynamics of human relationship, especially with regard to corporate culture, social defenses, leadership imperatives, motivation and other paradigms associated with organizational behavior (Levinson, 1972, 2002; DeBoard, 1978; Czander, 1993; Gabriel, 1999). The understanding equips th e leadership with the necessary knowledge to promote confidence building and strengthen interpersonal understanding with the group, within the organization. The theory of cognition tries to explain why and how the events take place and subsequent pattern of behaviour of man under certain condition involving emotional and metaphysical reaction. The role of brain and conscious and unconscious activities of the mind are seen to be the responsible for the general behaviour of man. The conscious and unconscious working of our mind is strongly co-related with our experience of the object reality. The conscious mind understands and interprets the sensations according to the partial or total recall of the events. On the other hand, sub conscious mind may or may not

Palm INC case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Palm INC - Case Study Example the company, the market of the company, the industry structure of the company, the innovation of the company, the technology of the company, and the marketing strategies of the company so as to be able to further understand how the company was able to make innovations with very little cash flow. Palm, Inc. is headquartered in California, Sunnyvale. It was founded in January 1992 by Jeff Hawkins who was the former vice president of a company called Grid Systems Corporation. He was responsible for the famous pen computers that the company designed. The first product that was developed by Palm, Inc. was sponsored by Tandy Corporation and was called the Zoomer. The handheld device was marketed under the names of Tandy Z-PDA and Casio Z-7000. The products did not do so well commercially. An acquisition was made in 1995 by U.S Robotics Corp. By the year 1998, the founders of Palm, Inc. were not happy and left the company (Zheng and Lionel 229). Palm, Inc. is a company that is known mostly for the handheld devices that it produces and therefore the technology used must be up to par. The company uses computer technology that is referred to as Palm platform. The Palm platform has its own operating system that runs the application software of palm and also runs the application software of a developer who happens to be the third party. There is software that exists that enables the user to use their handwriting using what is called a pen-based interface to write. The software is referred to as the Palm’s handwriting recognition Graffiti ® (Powers 37). Synchronizing of information is something that has made everyone’s life today much easier. Software called HotSync ® has the ability to link hand computing devices with computers or databases and synchronizing the data that one wishes to synchronize. These devices also have memory storage capacity that comes in the form of Random Access Memory software which is computer based memory storage. Software exists that enables

Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay Example for Free

Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay The Los Angeles Independent Media Center is a website that allows for left wing issues to be reported and shared on the web for all to see. They have over two dozen different categories that people have reported on ranging from animal rights and anti-war to immigration and indigenous rights and issues. Arizona has a proportionally large number of illegal immigrants working in the state just like California. Naturally this was one of the categories that caught my eye. When reading some of the article I came across a story from 2007. It was a march in Los Angeles (LA) in which mostly immigrants participated. They were marching because they wanted to be treated just as fairly as the legal citizens of the United States. They preached that they have been working just as hard to contribute to the economy of this country. There are two sides to any story and this is true in this case as well. On one hand they are doing the jobs that normal Americans do not want to do but others argue that they are here illegally and should not have the same rights as legal Americans. These two sides will be debated for years to come until someone can come up with a reasonable solution that will satisfy both side. The idea of illegal â€Å"under the table† help is too engrained within our society that it would be impossible to eliminate the issue over night. Not only are illegal immigrants fighting for their rights, but in some cases so are Americans. In California Wal-Mart would contract with temporary job agencies to fill jobs working in warehouses. These workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals and extreme heat conditions. They are also sometimes not given the wages that they were promised. Because Wal-Mart uses third party companies to supply the labor they have in the part denied any wrong doing in the situation. Of course in this case there are no unions to represent the workers and them facing the threat of losing their job if they express their dissatisfaction of their working conditions. Some groups are not even worried with the thought of having a job; they just want to protect areas that have existed for hundreds of years. Kuruvungna means: â€Å"A place where we are in the sun† in the Tongva language. For thousands of years the Tongva people lived here in relative peace and harmony with their environment until the European invasion of the Americas. (Sunday, 2012) In 1992 a group of environmentalists was able to secure a piece of land that was located on a public school’s property for the low cost of one dollar a year. This piece of property contained a natural spring that once belonged to the Tongva people before they were forcefully removed. The spring is said to have natural healing powers as well as native fish species, fresh water crayfish, a 200 year old Mexican Cypress tree, oak trees, hummingbird sage and other native grasses. The group is trying to secure another long term lease for the same price. One of the more controversial issues of our times is the use of genetically modified foods for consumption. These foods consist of simple fruits and vegetable to more complex animals like cows and pigs. One major reason behind this is that scientists can modify items to produce more nutrient rich foods for consumption. Scientists can also produce animals that can be modified to produce medicine, organs for transplant, meat or even engineered pets. It seems like a good idea to have enough organs and such to go around so that way no one would have to wait for a transplant and in the long run saving human lives. The biggest debate is to determine whether a human life is more important than that of an animal. This debate has been going on for some time now and will probably keep going on especially since the US Food and Drug Administration has taken steps to allow for the sale of genetically engineered animals. One of the biggest issues we have in America is politicians supporting special interest groups and not the constituents they were elected to represent. The City of Fullerton California was faced with a lawsuit from a construction company after denying the company’s proposal to develop a more suburban sprawl in one of the last bits of natural ecosystems in Orange County. Initially the city council had voted to deny the request from the company. In a strange turn of events, a year later the city voted to settle with the company and approve the proposal. Currently citizens have collected signatures to get a referendum on the next ballot to hopefully overturn the city’s decision. Every year across the country we hear about budget cuts in the education system. Along with the cuts we also hear of colleges increasing tuition to cover basic costs. So the question remains how can a school cut costs because it does not have money yet at the same time raise tuition? People finally had enough and all across the country students were walking out of class in protest and joined their community members in protests at superintendents’ offices, city councils and board meetings to express their concern with all of the cuts that have happened. In recent months teachers have joined the effort, which has become inspiring that they seem to not have a concern for their jobs while they protest. Alas, the protests have had little success as we still see cuts being made and tuition is still being raised semester after semester. America is in the middle of a war and with that comes anti-war protests. Different groups have tried to use different tactics to draw attention to their cause. One group protests on thanksgiving while others have protested on Christmas ask the question: what would Jesus choose? One of the more powerful messages came from a group back in 2009. They staged a mock funeral precession honoring those American and Iraqi people who have died during the war time period. These protests have been so powerful that the president vowed to end the war if he was elected. The baby boomer generation has grown up with the knowledge that if they want their voice heard then they organize a protest or a walk. After a bad statement from a Canadian police officer in 2001, large groups of women took to the streets to get the word out about sexual assaults. The groups organized what they called a â€Å"Slut Walk. It is one of those situations in which they should have thought about how the name of their walk could be portrayed within the community. These walks have occurred throughout the world to include the US, Canada, UK, Australia and several European countries. These walks have had support from several large human rights groups such as Planned Parenthood, CA National Organization for Women and Peace over Violence. There are many different subjects for people to post article on that would spark criminal acts and public disorder. These subjects include Anti-War, Class War, Immigration, Police State, and Racism. These are all catalysts for groups to recruit people who believe in their cause. The best part about the website is that people can post at any time they wish. It also helps that the website has multiple links to other cities, states and foreign countries similar websites. This is crucial because it does not bog down the website with data and provides a worldwide platform for left wing issues and causes.

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay World Vision Tanzania plans to implement Water Project in Wela, Miguwa and Mbogwe wards in Nyasa Division, Nzega District, Tabora Region in Tanzania. The proposed five year project is expected to impact lives of more than 30884 people living in twelve Villages of Miguwa, Mbogwe, and Wela wards, 32% are women and 42% are children. The project aims at increasing the supply of water for domestic use through the construction of fifty-three wells (shallow wells and tube wells). At the completion of the project the water supply will meet 60% of the domestic demand from the current percentage that is less than 30% of the demand. The project is expected to contribute to the decrease in diseases associated to water shortage such as scabies, diarrhea and typhoid. The community will form water user groups at each well that will be responsible for implementation, management and maintenances of the wells. World Vision shall take the advisory and facilitation role to the community, government and other actors. It has the capacity and ability of rendering the above roles. It has been in the area for more than three years now. World Vision Tanzania will use the existing personnel in the ADP plus only one staff who will be the facilitator for this project. The project lifetime budget is estimated to be US$ 310500 implemented in five years. Community contribution is estimated at 31 %( US$14500); in terms of cash labour and material. Therefore the total project cost will be $ 325000 2.0 PROJECT SCOPE AND COVERAGE The proposed project is located in Nyasa ADP and it will cover 8 villages of ,Malilita, Mwasambo, Mwanzoli, Idudumo, Iduguta, Mbogwe and Nhobora in Nyasa division ,Nzega District, Tabora region . It lies between longitude 32 22 E -33 41 E and latitude 3 23 S 3 42S.The project will be implemented within the existing Nyasa ADP and it will benefit twelve villages with a population of 23,884 people, who are living in 4241 households. 46% of the population is males while 51% are female. Children constitute 41.6% of total population. Under five constitute 14.3% and under one accounts for 4% of the total population this is according to 2002 National census. Climatic features: Attitudes 1000 1400 above seas level. In low land the soils are typical deep, fine to medium textured, yellowish to grayish brown or dark gray .In the hills area the soils are stony, rocky and gravely with pocket of very shallow, excessively drained and very gravelly loams. 2.1. WATER In Tanzania only 42% of the population has access to clean water. The situation is even worse in the rural areas Nyasa community area included. The water sources available in the area are less than 30% of the need and the quality is not guaranteed. In the dry season the situation is extremely worse. At Regional and District level water situation is almost the same. There has been persistent drought and unreliable rainfall, which lead to water scarcity in the Region as well as in the Program area. Water sources, which include ponds, Chaco dams, and temporary rivers/springs in most cases, are drying during the dry season. The ADP area to date is having only one protected and functional shallow well which is located in Miguwa Village. There are others unprotected and seasonal wells scattered in different villages. Pond is one of the main sources of water, which is used intensively with human and animals for drinking water as well as for other domestic purpose. Nyasa ADP area is having 116 ponds situated in different parts of the area. Water scarcity has led to vegetation depletion in the project area. Crop production keeps on declining and livestock become affected. Water related diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, skin diseases and conductivities are at the increase. Little efforts and inputs have gone in to avail safe clean water through constructed protected shallow wells/tube wells, which has led to prevalence of water borne disease. 3.0 ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT AND EXPERIENCE World Vision Tanzania has been carrying water projects in different parts of the country for a considerable numbers of years; projects likes Bukombe Water in Ushirombo District Shinyanga Region, SHAWASA in Arusha region and many others. The sustainability elements in all of these projects has been clearly observed, water user groups having significant money in their bank accounts for the maintenances and repairs of the pumps, having two or more pump attendants with some technical skills for maintenance of their pumps, these are common features in those projects. World Vision Tanzania has been operational in Nzega District since 1996 through Nzega Community Development Project, by the year 2000/2001 Nyasa ADP came into operational. Through all that time WVT has managed to establish a strong relationship with the community, community leaders, government and other NGOs. World Vision supports have made a greater impact to the lives of the Nzega people, Wela, Mbogwe and Miguwa wards included. 4.0 PROJECT RATIONALES AND JUSTIFICATION Despite considerable efforts made during the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade of the 1980s, the rate of improved access to safe water supply and sanitation facilities is still very low. Tanzania population is estimated to be over 34 million people, 80% of the population lives in villages and only 50% of the population lives in villages have access to clean and safe water. 30% of the existing water supply in the country is not functioning. Water situation in Nzega District is also not promising. No any permanent river passing through in the district, only 33% of the people in the district are accessing clean water (Nzega District land use framework plan, Feb 1999). The government in the past years has been trying to dig big water ponds to harvest rains water but if the rain didnt rain properly in the said year the challenge is still there. There is a goldmine that has supported a pipeline scheme in Nzega town taping water from those ponds; this is very expensive scheme because of the water treatment. It is only in Mwakalundi Division where World Vision through Nzega Community Development Project addressed the water issue very significantly. 99% of the water sources within Nyasa ADP are unprotected ponds, spring and hand dug wells these are seasonal and drying up as from the month of July to October. They are far located such that walking distance from home stead to water sources is 4-8 km during dry season and 2-3 km in rain season (Nyasa ADP Baseline survey Report 2001), this is mainly affecting women and girl child since they are the one who are fetching the water in the family; sometimes fore gore even a meal to make sure they bring water home. There is no single operating piped water supply system while there is only one protected shallow well functioning in the whole of the ADP area. The concentration of animal excretes at water point is common. We expect that the project will increase accessibility of water for domestic use, which in turn will reduce walking distance for water fetching that meant more time for other developmental activities. Most of the people carry no water treatment. Poor hygiene and lack of potable water have accelerated diarrhea-associated diseases that stand the second in the list of top ten killer diseases in the area. The project is anticipated to help increase cleanliness of people due to water availability and decrease of the diseases associated to water shortage e.g. Scabies. The ADP has been in the area for consecutive three years now but it has been hard to address the water sector seriously due to its magnitude; also the ADP fund for the first three years was small and was meant for sensitization of the community even though water sector ranked to be the first felt need by the community during the baseline survey. 3.2 POLICIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY World Vision Tanzania is a community-based organization whose mission is to work with the poor and marginalized in order to attain transformational and sustainable development. As an advocacy and child focused organization WVT seeks to provide clean and safe water to the community within a walking distance of 400 metres and reduce water-borne diseases through digging wells, drilling boreholes, rehabilitation of dams, laying water pipes, rain water harvesting and even conserving the existing sources.. The construction of 50 shallow wells and drilling of 3 boreholes planned by this project is expected to relieve especially women of walking long distances for search of water and lead to improved school attendance of girl children. Not only that but also, the project aims for agricultural activities and irrigation purposes hence increases the economic growth of the country. The above idea is linked with the Dimensions of Rural Development Strategy which describes the realization of rural development in the context of the countrys development vision largely depends on the pace of growth in the agricultural sector, the adoption of a positive mindset by the rural society, and a re-focusing of the institutional framework on the rural areas. In this context, attention should be towards attaining the following: High Quality Livelihood For rural dwellers, high quality livelihood will mean having access to affordable basic needs. This includes having access to sufficient and adequate food, preventive and curative health care; shelter and clothing; education and training; and safe water. They also need access to irrigation, energy, information, transportation and communication. An Enabling and Peoples Empowering Environment Any initiative towards realizing human development and reducing poverty in a more consistent and sustainable manner should involve the people concerned. This implies that the stakeholders: communities; individuals; households; firms; organization and associations, are best positioned to know their social, political and economic problems and needs, as well as their environmental, cultural and spiritual aspirations. The Rural Development Strategy provides an enabling environment and effective institutional framework that puts people at the center of their development. People should be empowered to guide the development process and influence it towards the direction and speed they perceive it to be in tandem with their future development aspirations. Self-Reliance and Self-Sustainance The role of community and individual initiatives is of vital importance and is given due recognition in the strategy. This goes beyond providing and supporting enabling and facilitating institutional structures and processes necessary to facilitate implementation. 3.3 PROJECT APPROACH 3.3.1 Goal: To improve the quality of life in Nyasa community. 3.3.2 Objective To contribute towards increased accessibility of safe and adequate water supply in Nyasa community. To have water for irrigation system to sustain Agricultural activities. To reduce time consuming and long distance of fetching water. To have water for livestock keeping activities Indicators Percentage of people accessing clean and safe water from the new established water -Number of people having water for irrigation and livestock keeping activities. Out put 1 Conducting hydro geological survey Indicator Number of shallow well and deep well sites located/identified. Output 2 Shallow wells and deep wells constructed Indicators Number of shallow deep wells constructed. Number of shallow deep wells with suitable water for human consumption. Output 3 Established and trained water committees/ Water user group Indicators Number of water committees/Water User Groups established and trained. 3.3.3 Main activities Conduct sensitization meeting to set water goals Form/Train water user group on water sanitation. Conduct hydro geological surveys to locate potential sites. Support the Construction of the wells. Facilitate training of technical staffs on pump mechanics, well repair and maintenance Salary to Project facilitator. 3.4 APPRAISAL ISSUES As far as the concept of project appraisal is concerned is the process of analyzing the technical feasibility and economic viability of a project proposal with a view to their costs. Also there are different types of the project appraisal these are social, technical, institutional, environmental, and economic. This project deals with social, economic and financial, and environmental appraisal. 3.4.1 Social appraisal Through the project that will be implemented at Nyasa community. The community will benefit from the services as per clean and safe water policies in Tanzania. Also, the project will provide service to about 30884 people. The project aims to supply clean and safe water to the community in order to reduce lack of sufficient water, eruption of diseases caused by unsafe water currently used. 3.4.2 Economic and financial appraisal The community suffers from water and spends a lot of time by fetching water far from their residence instead of working and earning income. When this project will be implemented many of the people will attend their works throughout the day as a result they increase their income and those business men will pay tax to the government. Moreover, they will use the water for irrigation system and hence increase the agricultural production that will make the community to engage in business and increase their financial status as family as well as nation income. 3.4.3 Environmental appraisal There will be some effects on environment if the implementation of the project will be considering the policy for agriculture and livestock because we expect that after implementation of the project people will engage themselves in Agricultural activities as well as livestock keeping that will probably affect the environment. The environment will be improved with improved water supplies. Around each site the trees will be planted for both reduction of degree of evaporation and protection of environment. So the project is not expected to have any negative effect to the environment. 3.5 Project Stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities Are the one who make decisions during the initiation, planning and execution stages of the project. In the context of this project the project stake holders are; Project sponsor Provides agreement for funding the project and executive interventions to overcome organizational barrier. Project manager Responsible for ensuring that the project is delivered on time, on scope and on budget. The community Responsible for using the clean and safe water for domestic purposes as well as agricultural activities and also the community will contribute on the maintenance of shallow wells. Projects office Coordinates the organizations project resource, high level reporting, project management coaching and facilitation services. 3.6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is intended to benefit the community and will focus on the overall objective of making sure water supply is sustained even after exit of World Vision. Mobilizing and sensitizing the community to form water user groups who will be responsible for the day-to-day management of the project will achieve this objective. Women will be highly encouraged to participate in the project planning, implementation and management. The shallow wells will be located in the sites, which will be shown by the water survey team. We expect that at least each between two Sub villages will have one shallow well. The communities will form water user group at each shallow wells site. The water user group will include both women and men. The WUG-will be responsible for the implementation of the project plus the on going management and maintenance of the wells. To this end a water user fee has been agreed to for the on going maintenance since the region is extremely poor the user fee will not be high. The Village Health Workers will be trained in operation and maintenance of the pump and water hygiene. 3.7 GENDER ANALYSIS. Successful water project has special significance for women. The women and children will benefit more directly as some of the women and children currently have to walk to about 10 km for fetching a maximum of 20 liters bucket of water each. With the reduction of walking distance the workload will also be reduced. The women group will be encouraged to establish vegetable gardening around the wells. Vegetable production and the proper usage of the same will improve nutritional health of women and children and will increase current investment in education and economic interpose. The water user group to be established will have at least 50% women among their members. This will increase their participation in decision making in the matters relating to water issues. 3.8 PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS The project team will be adhered committed to the project work. The upper management and stakeholder support and commit to the project efforts. The project will be delivered according to the project plan. The project plan will be utilized effectively. 5.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Following the intensive dialogue with the community, the ADP committee will be responsible to over see the project implementation under the facilitation of the ADP coordinator. The WUG to be established in each of the construction sites will be responsible for the day-to-day activities. However, the Zonal manager will be the over all in charge of the project that will ensure that financial contracts, agreements and payments are done properly. At National level the project will receive a similar facilitation like WVT project programs. WV Australia as project contractor to the Australian Government will provide project management support to WVT and will be responsible for the following; reviewing quarterly reports and financial acquittals, where possible perform monitoring visits to the project for sharing of various issues regarding project improvement and participation in project evaluation. 4.2 PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring activities will be continuous concurrent and integral featuring in all project components. Monitoring and Evaluation will be done in a participatory way. Monitoring indicators provided in the log frame used for the purpose and they can be reviewed, as it may be necessary. As part of monitoring the project will prepare monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports both narrative and financial. However, the frequency of reporting to the donor will depend on the requirements. WVT auditors will audit the project annual. The donor can conduct independent audit, as it may deem necessary upon consultation with the WVT National Directors. 6.0 RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT Purpose: To identify Risk, analyse the effect of uncertainties and plan for control. 5.1 Risk Identification: During this process the sources of risk, potential risk events, and symptoms of risk are identified. Risk is uncertain event which should it occur, it will have an effect on the project meeting it objectives. In this project, risk is identified by undertaking initial risk assessment as part of starting up the project by having the following questions; What could possibly happen to affect the project? What is the likelihood of this happening? Therefore the project manager has to get the team together to review the sources of risk for the project and brainstorm the specific risks. 5.2 Risk identification techniques The project will use the following techniques in identifying risks Checklist project managers must find ways to identify project risks rapidly so that project schedules become increasingly shorter. Flowcharts Helps the project team members to have a great understanding on the causes and effects of risks. Interviewing This is done by interviews with various stakeholders may help identify risk not identified during normal planning activities. Risk triggers The risk trigger is the event that would need to happen in order for the potential outcome to occur. Risk triggers are usually expressed with some sort of dependency, or qualifier. For example, a risk trigger might be that a resource on the project leaves. This might easily be accounted for by utilizing other resources. But if a resource with key skills or knowledge leaves, then the project may be significantly impacted. This approach is suggested in order to clarify the thought process of identifying risks. When the risk trigger occurs, the risk is no longer a risk, but has materialized into a problem/issue that needs resolution. 5.3 Risk analysis In this project risk will be analyzed by defining and analyzing the threat to individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by potential natural and human-caused adverse events. A risk analysis report can be either quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative risk analysis an attempt is made to numerically determine the probabilities of various adverse events and the likely extent of the losses if a particular event takes place. Qualitative risk analysis which is used more often, does not involve numerical probabilities or predictions of loss. Instead, the qualitative method involves defining the various threats, determining the extent of vulnerabilities and devising countermeasures should an attack occur. Risk need to be quantified in two dimensions. The impact of the risk needs to be assessed. The probability of the risk occurring needs to be assessed. For simplicity, rate each on a 1 to 4 scale. The larger the number, the larger the impact or probability. By using a matrix, a priority can be established. According to Juden, S (2010) below is the diagram that shows the risk probability/impact chart The corners of the chart have these characteristics: Low impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom left corner are low level, and you can often ignore them. Low impact/High probability Risks in the top left corner are of moderate importance if these things happen, you can cope with them and move on. However, you should try to reduce the likelihood that theyll occur. High impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom right corner are of high importance if they do occur, but theyre very unlikely to happen. For these, however, you should do what you can to reduce the impact theyll have if they do occur, and you should have contingency plans in place just in case they do. High impact/High probability Risks towards the top right corner are of critical importance. These are your top priorities, and are risks that you must pay close attention to. 5.4 Risk documentation and reporting Risk status: Project enables you to adjust the status of a risk. The risk status shows what has happened to a risk. This could be due to the tasks of the project team, but also changes in the risk conditions. Monitoring the status of risks helps you to assess what you should do with regard to individual risk and the project. Risk register This document is a means of recording the identified risks, their severity, and the actions steps to be taken. The risk logic can be a simple document, spreadsheet, or a database system. The most effective format for this document is a table, because it will allow a great deal of information to be conveyed in a few pages. If the information is presented in a paragraph form, you run the risk of people not reading it, although all of the relevant information is there. 5.5 Risk assumptions and control measures Lack of enough skilled and self committed people to participate in the project this may result the project not to be completed on time.. Delay of fund from donors may result on the project not to be accomplished at the specified time. There are four stages of risk management plan Stages Risk identification Risk quantification Risk response Risk monitoring and control Objective in project The project team has to identify and name the risks that are found in the project. The project manager needs to understand the probability/impact of the risk occurring that needs to be assessed. The actions should include what needs to be done, who is doing it, and when it should be completed It is best to hold regular risk reviews to identify actions outstanding, risk probability and impact, remove risks that have passed, and identify new risks. 5.6 Conclusion of risk analysis and management As far as the risk management and analysis is concerned, The project manager have to ensure that there is a proper risk management plan for a project so as to meet its expected objectives and goals because without a plan, the success of the project, and reputation as a Project Manager, are on the line and following the above steps there will be increase in chances of project success success. EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT 7.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY The project focus on cost sharing, skills, training capacity building and participatory management will ensure its sustainability. Both District and Regional Government are supportive to this proposal. The project will link in the district budget planning whereby government contributions for project support will be identified and incorporated into the District budget and annual plan. A technician from District council water department will be a focal personal in carrying out of this project from its inception to the end to ensure that after the phase out of the project the sustainability of a project is clear. ANNEXES: 1.0 PROJECT BUDGET PROJECT BUDGET THE CURRENCY IS IN USD S/N PARTICULARS YEARS 1 2 3 4 5 1 INCOME Amount is in USD Government 150000 Distribution in each year WV Australia 175000 Total Income 100000 75000 50000 50000 50000 EXPENDITURE 2 Administration cost Technician 150 Training 2500 1000 1000 2000 1000 Facilitate Training 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 Meetings 1500 1000 1500 1000 1000 Project accountant 2000 2000 2000 2400 2500 procurement officers salary 700 1200 1500 2000 2800 Salary project facilitator 2400 2600 2900 3000 5000 Total expenditure 10705 9300 9900 11900 13800 3 CONSTRUCTION COST hydro geological survey 7000 support the construction 36002 67520 18010 cost for shallow well Cement 1000 wire mesh 6 Aggregated stone 30 sand I trip 15 Tania pump 1500 cost for tube wells drilling 9000 purchasing a pump 1500 Total construction cost 56053 67520 18010 Total Overall cost 66,758 76,820 27910 11900 13800 PROJECT WORKPLAN/SCHEDULE Activity Year 1 Cost Year 2 Cost Year 3 Cost Year 4 Cost Year 5 Cost Total Cost In USD Hydrological surveys to locate potential sites. X 500 500 Constructions of shallow wells/tube wells X 700 700 Training WUGs on water sanitation and hygiene X 300 300 Conduct community sensitization on resources X 550 550 Train pump attendants on minor repair/maintenance X 225 225 Implementation X 120 120 Evaluation monitoring X 450 450 Total cost 2845 1.2 PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE INDICATOR TARGET BASELINE DATA SOURCE TIMING RESP. PERSON ASSUMPTION Goal To contribute towards improved life standard of the community Incidence of (cholera, diarrhea, typhoid) water borne diseases decreased 20% 45% Project records, Dispensary records Quarterly CO, Project Coordinator, Facilitator Adequate rainfall PURPOSE Safe and adequate water accessed by the community % of household within 400m from water source 30% 0.3% Project records Quarterly Project Coordinator, facilitator OUTPUT 1 Improved water source Number of deep/tube wells constructed Number of shallow well constructed 3 50 0 0 Project records Quarterly District Water Engineer, PC, Facilitator Activities Facilitate hydro geological surveys to locate potential site 1.2Facilitate the construction of shallow wells/ tube wells Number of surveys Conducted Number of identified potential sites Number of shallow well, tube wells constructed 2 53 53 0 0 DWE DWE Community reports Annual Quarterly PC/Facilitator Project coordinator, project facili